Malawi and Tobacco Essay -- Trade Tobacco Malawi Essays

Malawi and Tobacco What strategies can Malawi use to overcome problems relating to a change in demand of its main export, tobacco. QUESTION- what strategies can Malawi use to overcome problems relating to a change in demand of its main export, tobacco? Malawi, a LEDC, located in Southern Africa, has a population of 10 million. Tobacco is its main export and this provides the majority of the countries export revenues. It has become dependant on exporting tobacco to firms based in MEDC's such as the United States. Demand for cigarettes has recently decreased because of health and ethical reasons. Cigarettes, has reached the end on its product lifecycle. However South East Asia remains a growing market, because of the effects of globalisation and dumping. The decrease in demand is a major problem for Malawi, a country that is not market orientated or market aware. Decline in demand for cigarettes will obviously have a direct effect on demand for tobacco because they are complimentary products. With decreased demand for its crops of tobacco, Malawi will find itself in a very dangerous situation that will not only threaten its economic position but the very lives of its population. Another concern that Malawi must take into account is the state of the tobacco industry. At present the market could be described as an oligopoly (see appendix) where suppliers compete on price. The outcome of this is that the firms involved have a high market share and therefore have much power to control supply and demand. They have the power to control prices of tobacco and they can exploit countries like Malawi. The national economy is dictated by exports of tobacco. The decreased revenue, due to loss of demand, will an... ...E UK (BRANDS): Two firms, Gallaher and Imperial Tobacco, who between them, control around 80% of the market, dominate the cigarette and tobacco market in the United Kingdom. One other major firm, British American Tobacco (BAT), manufactures cigarettes in the UK but sells almost all of them abroad. In 1999 BAT merged with Rothmans International thereby increasing its share of the world tobacco market to 15.4%, just behind the world leader Philip Morris which controls 17% of the global market. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.ash.org.uk http://www.tobacco.org http://www.mcspotlight.org http://www.cdc.gov http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/Malawi.html http://allafrica.com www.google.co.uk www.bbc.co.uk www.altavista.com www.theguardian.co.uk Nuffield Business and economics- Students Book

How and Why Did Hitler Kill the Jews

How,why and with what results did Hitler persecute the Jews ? How,why and with what results did Hitler persecute the Jews ? Hitler made them numerous promises and used many techniques of propaganda. Through Hitlers entire regime , Hitler’s main goal was to persecute the jews. The Jews were severely mistreated by Hitler and his numerous followers. The inflicting of suffering, harassment, isolation, imprisonment, fear, or pain are all factors that established persecution of the Jews. There are various reason why Hitler wanted to persecute Jews in the first place.Hitler used gruesome methods of torture to persecute them. At the end of world war 1, Life for the German people became very difficult after the Treaty of Versailles. After paying a great amount of money for war damage to France and Great Britain, In 1929 Germany was in a economic depression of the worst kind. Hitler was a very inteligent man. He knew that the Germans was in a desperate state and were looking for someone to blame . He believed that the Jews were a threat to the so called superior ‘Aryan’ race, which was blonde haired,blue eyed and mainly German.He said there were many inferior races ,but the lowest of them all were the Jews. The Germans were extremely poor and unemployed. They turned to blame the Jews ,many whom were rich and successfull in business. Hitler made them promises such as new job openings and a decrease in unemployment if the Jews were taken out of the picture. Hitler was famouse for saying â€Å"If you tell a big enough lie and tell it frequently enough, it will be believed. † Hitler often told lies in his speeches . He was a great speaker and manged to convince the people that what he was saying was true.Hitler indoctrinated the children into beliving that the Jews were not pure blood and a threat to the nation through the curriculum and textbooks taught in school. Nother reason for his hatred were his anti capitalist and anti liberalism views. He claimed that the Jews were a part of an international conspiracy, and that he had profited from the misery of other Germans. All these were serious accusations but Germany was vulnerable other Germans. All these were serious accusations but Germany was vulnerable and was looking for something to believe in.Anti-Semitics believed Jews fit such stereotypes; ‘criminals, sexual predators, inferior, bacteria, unpatriotic’. To this day historians are confused about why Hitler personaly hated the jews . It is said that when Hitler was trying to make a living in Vienna, he often saw may Jews minting with money around him and thought it was unfair that they were extremely rich and he had to struggle to make a aliving. What further confuses the historians is that Hiters mother whom he worshiped was half Jewish resulting in him growing up in a semi jewish household.Once Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933,persecution of the Jews became official. Placards reading ‘Jew s not wanted’ were hung on doors outside shops and cafes. Jews were ade to wear the Star of David and beaten up on streets . In 1935,The Nuremberg laws were made. were antisemitic laws in Nazi Germany introduced at the annual Nuremberg Rally of the Nazi Party. Only Germans or those with related blood were considered citizens of the Reich from then on. Marriage or sexual relations between Jews and those of German blood. Were forbidden.By the mid 1930s the Jews were terrified and began to fled. Some went to Palestine,others to the USA and Britain. In 1938 the jews went around smashing Jewish stoores,homes and Synagogues. Ordinary German began to help in mudering the Jews. After Germany invaded Polandand Czechoslovakia in 1939 ,more Jews were trapped under German rule. The Germans began to transport Jews into the Ghettos. Initially Hitler began sending all jews to concentration camps. In the concentration camps, the Jews were either tortured or made to do hard labour. Even with the tiniest excuses they were shot.The Nazis killed physically or mentaly impaired jews without question. They would be selected for gassing this meant they would all be placed in a room and that mustard gas would be sprayed on them. If they survived, most Jews would slowly and systematically starved to death. This was made even worse because while they were being denied proper food, they were expected to do manual labour for long hours, despite being hungry and thirsty. As they were treated so badly,the Jews began to look like how they were made to seem in the propaganda posters making the Germans agree with Hitler even ore. the food was close to not non-existent, it was calculated to starve the Jews into corpses. Sometimes Jews were publicly hanged at roll call time. Jewish prisoners froze to death because they were not allowed to have any warm clothing or protection from the elements, and winters were very harsh. thers were experimented on by the notoriously brutal Dr. Mengele wh o used Jews to test out his own particular scientific theories. 2 million Jews were killed in 1941 ,when the invasion of the USSR began.The Final Solution in december 1941 was Nazi Germany's plan during World War II to annihilate the Jewish people, resulting in the most deadly phase of the Holocaust, the destruction of Jewish communities in continental Europe. about one million Jews were killed before the plans of the Final Solution were fully implemented in 1942, but it was only with the decision to eradicate the entire Jewish population that the extermination camps were built and industrialized mass slaughter of Jews began . The final solution implements what it’s name says, the final solution of getting rid of the Jews forever.Jews were rounded up in Germany,in Eastern Europe and every other part of the Nazi controlled Europe,Jews were sent to death camps. The most deadly extermination camp was in Auschwitz in Poland. 4 million people were sent and only 60,000 survived. Al l in all , the Holocaust will always be a big part of history as it resulted in deaths of millions of Jews who were all innocent people, who lived lives of hardships and torture to a great degree. We will never truly understand the pain and the sorrow they went through ,losing many loved ones. This was the destructive result of the persecution of the Jews. Rhea Daulet-Singh

Fantastic Voyage

Everyone board the mini-sub! Lora has a bacterium that is invading the lower lobe of her right lung. We must go now! We must destroy this bacterium before it makes her sick! We cannot let that happen her Lora. As of right now, we are entering the right femoral vein, close to the groin. The right femoral vein is parallel with the femoral artery through the upper thigh and pelvic region. It is one of the larger veins in the body. The femoral vein returns blood into the leg to the heart through the iliac vein. The right femoral vein comes from the abdomen. This vein collects blood from many veins in the body such as the hepatic, lumbar, gonadal, renal, and phrenic. We then go through the inguinal ligament. The inguinal ligament protects the tissue movement between the trunk and the lower extremities (Sajmay, 2013). It then continues as the right external iliac which comes together to the inferior vena cava, also known as the posterior vena cava. It is a vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart. From there, the inferior vena cava leads to the right atrium of the heart. The right atrium is only one of the four hollow chambers of the heart. It receives blood from the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. The blood that comes through these veins is low in oxygen (â€Å"Right Atrium†, n. d. ). After passing through the right atrium, we pass through the right atrioventricular (AV) valve, also called the tricuspid valve, and then we shall go through the right ventricle, lower right-hand chamber of the heart that pumps blood from the right atrium into the pulmonary arteries then to the lungs, to the pulmonary valve, or the pulmonary semilunar valve. The valves of the pulmonary semilunar valve opens when the right ventricle contracts. When the muscles relax, blood goes to the pulmonary trunk which then the valve closes to prevent the blood from returning to the right ventricle (â€Å"Right Atrium†, n. d. ). Before we go through the pulmonary semilunar valve, the wall right here is the interventricular septum. It separates the lower chambers, or the ventricles, of the heart. After that, we will go through the pulmonary trunk to get to the right pulmonary artery which sends blood from the heart to the lungs. The right pulmonary artery carries de-oxygenated blood to the right lung, into all 3 of the lobes. The pulmonary trunk divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries. The right pulmonary artery curves to the right, behind the aorta, and divides into two branches at the root of the right lung (Mosby, 2009). Now that we are in the right lung, we must go to the lower lobe. In the right lung, there are three lobes, the superior, middle, and inferior. It is divided into three lobes by two interlobular fissures, transverse fissure and oblique fissure (Taylor, n. d. ). The superior and middle lobe are separated by a transverse fissure and the middle and inferior lobe are separated by an oblique fissure (â€Å"Structure of the Lungs†, n. d. ). The left lung and right lung are not the same though. As you see, the right lung has only three lobes, as the left lung has two. They are different in size as the left lung is smaller than the right. The reasoning for this is because your hearts sets in between the lungs so the heart uses some of the space that your left lung is (Taylor, n. d. ). The function of the lungs is pulmonary ventilation, or breathing. Air is inhaled through your nostrils which pass through your trachea and enters the bronchi. Bronchi are two tubes that carry air to the lungs. Bronchioles are smaller branches of bronchi that split off (â€Å"Structure of the Lungs†, n. . ). Bronchioles divide into even smaller structures to form respiratory bronchioles which lead to the alveolar ducts. Then there are air sacs called alveoli. They are the basic functional units of lungs and have simple squamous epithelial cells. Alveoli cover about 60-70m. Oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide from the bloodstream by microscopic structures of the lungs called alveoli. Pl eura protects the lungs with a fluid cushioning system (â€Å"Structure of the Lungs†, n. d. ). Pleura are a membrane that lines the lung and the wall of the chest cavity. The fluid serves as a lubricant to allow for a smooth movement of the lungs within the chest cavity (Fayed, 2010). Pleura are a place for the development of mesothelioma (Fayed, 2010). Your body fights bacteria by using our immune system. Everyone has an immune system, whether it is a high or low immune system. There are two types of immunity, nonspecific and specific. Nonspecific immunity allows protection against a variety of things rather than protection from certain kinds of bad or invading cells or chemicals (Thibodeau & Patton, n. d. ). There are many types of nonspecific immune defenses in your body. Skin and mucous membranes are nonspecific mechanical barriers that do not allow bacteria and other substances into the body. Tears and mucus are also nonspecific immunity (Thibodeau & Patton, n. d. ). Phagocytosis of bacteria by white blood cells, or WBCs, is a nonspecific form of immunity. Changes in heat, redness, pain and swelling help phagocytic WBCs get to the area of the infection and enter the affected tissue. Specific immunity protects against certain types of invading bacteria or other toxic materials that enter the body or affect the body in a harmful way. The respiratory system filters, warms and humidifies the air we breathe which keeps some bacteria out of our bodies so it does not make us sick or ill. When the germs of pneumonia reach the lungs, the alveoli inflame and fill up with fluid and pus. When someone has pneumonia, oxygen has trouble reaching your blood. When only a little bit of oxygen gets in your blood, body cells do not work correctly. Lobar pneumonia affects a lobe of the lung. It can affect one or both, the right or left. Bronchial pneumonia or bronchopneumonia affects parts of both lungs (â€Å"Understanding Pneumonia†, n. d. ). When toxins enter blood, they mess up your body’s homeostasis. The body notices then gets rid of the toxins by using the urinary system. To get rid of it, the person urinates and the toxins and other nasty things in the blood come out which restores homeostasis to the normal body functions. Now take that infection. How does that penicillin work for you? It is gone and it will not be coming back. If it does, it will not be as bad if it were to infect her. Thank you everyone for helping me save Lora from getting sick. Hope you enjoyed the voyage. I sure did. I hope you learned something from this and enjoyed the experience.References (2010), Structure of the Lungs. Tutor Vista. Retrieved June 11, 2013, From http://www.tutorvista.com/biology/structure-of-the-lungs (2013, 01). Path. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 01, 2013, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Path-1388273.html (2013, 04). Fantasy Voyage from Femoral Vein to Right Lobe of the Lung. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 04, 2013, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Fantasy-Voyage-From-Femoral-Vein-To-1608177.html (n.d.). Homeostasis Examples. Your Dictionary Examples. Retrieved June 11, 2013, From http://examples.yourdictionary.com/homeostasis-examples.html (n.d.). Interventricular System. Inner Body. Retrieved June 11, 2013, From http://www.innerbody.com/image_card02/card58-new.html (n.d.). Understanding Pneumonia. American Lung Association. Retrieved June 11, 2013, From http://www.lung.org/lung-disease/pneumonia/understanding-pneumonia.html Fayed, L. (November 9, 2010), Pleura. About.com. Retrieved June 11, 2013, From http://cancer.about.com/od/cancerglossary/g/pleura.htm Myers, T. (2009) Mosby’s Medical Dictionary, 8th Edition. Elsevier. Sajmay (April 2013), Study Mode. Retrieved June 11, 2013, From http://www.studymode.com/essays/Fantasy-Voyage-From-Femoral-Vein-To-1608177.html Taylor, R. (n.d.), Why Does the Right Lung Have 3 Lobes and the Left 2?. Ehow.com. Retrieved June 11, 2013, From http://www. ehow.com/how-does_5246353_right-lung-lobes-left-2_.html Thibodeau, G. A./ Patton K. (2008) Structure & Function of the Body. Elsevier. Vallumsetla, N. (Nov. 25, 2010), Ask Doctor Free. Retrieved June 11, 2013, From http://www.askdoctorforfree.com/Can-you-describe-how-to-trace-a-path-from-the-right-femoral-vein-to-the-lowerlob-130262

9 Simple Tips to Improve Your Job Search

9 Simple Tips to Improve Your Job Search Keeping up with the things you need to do by maintaining a to-do list is a good idea for those who are job searching. It not only helps keep you on track, it reminds you of those things you need to do to make your search for a job a success. Diligence is the key to finding that perfect job.   1. Check for Jobs Each MorningFirst thing each morning, check the job listings. There are other people out there who would like to have the same jobs you apply for, and being among the first to apply can put you in a better position to get just the job you want.  2. Don’t Put Things OffWhen you see a job that interests you, send your resume and cover letter without putting it off. It is surprisingly easy to tell yourself that you will do it later and then forget about it. By the time you get around to applying, possibly days later, the job may be filled.  3. Follow Up on ApplicationsIf you haven’t heard back on job applications you have submitted, it is a good idea to wait a week and follow up. Sometimes, expressing further interest in a job can get you pushed up in the application process. If you receive a definitive no, you can remove that job from your list.  4. Use Technology to Stay OrganizedUtilize technology by using your cell phone or computer to stay organized with your job search. Making up a spreadsheet with dates and the ability to check off tasks when completed ensures that you are following up on schedule. In addition, it is easier to add on other job hunting tasks as they come up.  5. Learn New SkillsLearning something new is always useful. Factor in a few hours a week to take a class, learn a new skill that relates to your dream job or catch up to date. The time spent doing this will be worthwhile as it shows employers that you take your skills seriously.  6. Research Your Job NicheNew jobs pop up in industries that offer you the ability to apply your skills in new areas. Do research in your field to find new positions that you can enter. If taking a few courses helps you fit the job requirements, take night courses or online courses to expand your employability.  7. Work on Personal PaperworkOnce a week, work on one of the documents you use to apply for a job. You can use this time to recheck your resume, cover letter or personal plan to market yourself. See where you can make improvements. Remember to personalize your applications by studying the company where you are applying, and use your assets and strengths to show how you would be a good match for the company team.  8. Customizing Job ApplicationsOne mistake job seekers sometimes make is sending out a general resume for every job application. Aiming your resume toward particular jobs helps because the hiring manager will know right away whether you are a good fit for the job. Instead of just listing your qualifications, also list what you did that was a benefit to the company. Working as a salesperson, for instance, list how you won a company award for the number of sales you made.  9. Do Volunteer WorkVolunteer work looks good on a resume, whether it is coaching a group of children in soccer or volunteering at a local charity. Add this to your to-do list, and make time for it. It not only lets you make new contacts and help others but shows your potential employer that you have outside interests.  Keeping on top of job applications with a job search site can help you find that perfect job more quickly. TheJobNetwork helps by letting you enter your qualifications and does the search for you. Sign up for our job match alert, and searches are done round the clock, sending you job notifications as soon as they pop up. By receiving job alerts that match your qualifications and job interests, you won’t miss any jobs for which you are qualified. In addition, it gives you the ability to search job sites yourself to be proactive.

History and Evolution of the Smart Pill

History and Evolution of the Smart Pill The name of smart pill now refers to any pill that can deliver or control its delivery of medicine without the patient having to take action beyond the initial swallow. The phrase smart pill became popular after the computer controlled medical device was patented by Jerome Schentag and David DAndrea, and named one of the top inventions of 1992 by Popular Science magazine. However, now the name has become generic and many companies are using the name smart pill.   History of the Smart Pill Jerome Schentag, professor of pharmaceutic science at the University of Buffalo, invented the computer-controlled smart pill, which can be electronically tracked and instructed to deliver a drug to a predetermined location in the gastrointestinal tract. David DAndrea was the co-inventor. UB reporter Ellen Goldbaum describes the smart pill as a combination of microminiature electronics, mechanical and software engineering, and pharmaceutical sciences. This capsule represents a significant advance in medical technology, said DAndrea to UB reporters, With the Smart Pill, we have been able to miniaturize a complex electronic system and put it into a capsule about one inch long. Youre not just taking a pill, youre swallowing the instrument. David DAndrea is the president and chief executive officer of Gastrotarget, Inc. the manufacturers of the Smart Pill. Jerome Schentag is the companys vice president of research and development. DAndrea is also the director of Millard Fillmore Hospitals Engineering and Devices Laboratory.

Using Accessors and Mutators in Java

Using Accessors and Mutators in Java One of the ways we can enforce data encapsulation is through the use of accessors and mutators. The role of accessors and mutators are to return and set the values of an objects state. Lets learn how to program accessors and mutators in Java. As an example, well use a Person class with the state and constructor already defined: Accessor Methods An accessor method is used to return the value of a private field. It follows a naming scheme prefixing the word get to the start of the method name. For example lets add accessor methods for firstname, middleNames and lastname: These methods always return the same data type as their corresponding private field (e.g., String) and then simply return the value of that private field. We can now access their values through the methods of a Person object: Mutator Methods A mutator method is used to set a value of a private field. It follows a naming scheme prefixing the word set to the start of the method name. For example, lets add mutator fields for address and username: These methods do not have a return type and accept a parameter that is the same data type as their corresponding private field. The parameter is then used to set the value of that private field. Its now possible to modify the values for the address and username inside the Person object: Why Use Accessors and Mutators? Its easy to come to the conclusion that we could just change the private fields of the class definition to be public and achieve the same results. Its important to remember that we want to hide the data of the object as much as possible. The extra buffer provided by these methods allows us to: Change how the data is handled behind the scenes.Impose validation on the values that the fields are being set to. Lets say we decide to modify how we store middle names. Instead of just one String we can now use an array of Strings: The implementation inside the object has changed but the outside world is not affected. The way the methods are called remains exactly the same: Or, lets say the application that is using the Person object can only accept usernames that have a maximum of ten characters. We can add validation in the setUsername mutator to make sure the username conforms to this requirement: Now if the username passed to the setUsername mutator is longer than ten characters it is automatically truncated.

The Effectiveness of the UGG Brand Management Research Paper - 1

The Effectiveness of the UGG Brand Management - Research Paper Example The history of UGG  ® registered trademark of Australia began in 1978, when Brian Smith, a young surfer, introduced his sheepskin boots in California and became popular among surfers. It was acquired by Decker’s outdoor corporation in 1995. In the next couple of years, the product line grew to include two boots, four slippers, and a few casuals. It was only in 1998 that UGG  ® came in the list of the world’s finest footwear. UGG  ® was positioned as the high-end luxury product and brand and a matching appropriate marketing and distribution strategy were adopted. This high-end product, the symbol of luxury and comfort, soon started expanding beyond Australia and beaches of California. In 2003 it was named brand of the year in footwear news. The brand promise of UGG  ® is an accessible luxury. Their products fit into the everyday life of the customers. Their products are fashionable, comfortable and yet attainable and that explains their philosophy. The target cus tomers are those people who value luxury, comfort and highest quality footwear. The quality is ensured by using the highest quality of leather, suede and the world’s finest sheepskin. Their mission statement is â€Å"UGG  ® Australia markets the premier brand in luxury and comfort.† UGG has their concept stores in North America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific. Apart from that they have their own authorized retailers and authorized online retailers almost all over the world (UGG, 2011). Today’s world is flooded with brands. We have witnessed the branding of almost everything around us including people. Even places, institutes, events, literally everything is branded.